我另一方面认为,20世纪以来中国学者,包括许多热衷于中国文化的人,在国学研究方面犯过很多错误,有些错误的教训时至今日仍然没有为国人所真正吸取,以至于我们时常可能会在某一个方向用力甚深,而结果却一无所获。其中有一个很大的错误就是急于与西学分庭抗礼的功利思想。20世纪初叶中国一些杰出的学者如蔡元培、胡适、冯友兰等人将西方的学科范畴引入中国重新整理国学,其根本目的就是这样的。他们的工作虽有不少成就,但是也使传统的经学被肢解,中国现代学术的意义基础被掏空。今天中国人大谈中国哲学的特色,一定要强调民族哲学的独特性,其深层心理与20世纪初叶那批学者一样,也是为了与西学相抗衡,这是一种非常功利的思想。其实经学与西学本属性质不同的两类学术,他们可以在某些方面融合,但本质上还是应该走两条不同的道路,不存在要比较高下的问题。 现在谈论儒学的复兴,我认为在中国大陆最要紧的还是以找回中国学术的意义基础为起点。找回中国学术的意义基础,需要回到一个起点,这个起点就是回归经学传统。需要有一批儒家学者,他们能够承续古代读经的传统,并在这一基础上思考现代性问题,在对西学充分了解的基础上进行理论创新。如果不做这种基础性的工作,只是在一些大而空的功利目标上做文章,一个劲地追求所谓“中国特色”的哲学,恐怕仍然是空中楼阁,事倍功半。回到经学传统,不等于抛弃心性之学,也不等于不吸收历代儒学发展中所取得的辉煌成就;回到经学传统,不等于固步自封,不吸收人类其它文明、其它宗教以及现代西方学术的优秀成果,而只是指回到一个必要的起点;回到经学传统,也不等于要排斥中国哲学史等学科,否定其存在的合法性,而只是在这些学科之外为儒学争取一个自己的独立生存空间。否则我们将不会有真正的儒家,也不会有儒学的复兴。 附: 杜维明“儒家伦理学”课程提纲及每周阅读材料 I. Introduction February 4 Confucian Ethics in Perspective Tu Weiming, “Confucianism” in Arvind Sharma (ed.), Our Religious (S.F. Harper and Row, 1993), pp. 139-177. II. Core Values: The Classical Legacy February 11 Humanity and Reciprocity D.C. Lau, trans., The Analects (Penguin Classics); H. Fingarette, Confucius——The Secular as Sacred (New York: Harper and Row, 1972); February 18 Rightness and Courage D.C. Lau, trans., The Books of Mencius (Penguin Classics); Lee H. Yearley, Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and Conceptions of Courage (Albany: State University Press, 1990); February 25 Ritual and Civility John Knoblock, trans., Xunzi: a translation and study of the complete works (standfor: Stanford Unversity Perss., 1988, 1990), vols. I and II; Burton Watson, trans. Hun Tzu ( N.Y.: Columbia Unversity Press, 1967); March 3 Immanent Transcendence Wing-tsit Chan, trans. and comp., A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton Unversity Press, 1963), pp.84-114; Tu Weiming, Centrality and Commonality: An Essay on Confucian Religiousness (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989); March 10 The Confucian Way A. C. Graham, Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (La Salle, I11.: Open Court, 1989); III. The Learning of the Heart-and-Mind: Neo-Confucian Thought March 17 Self-cultivation Wing-tsit Chan, trans. and comp., A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton Unversity Press, 1963), pp.460-653; D. Garder, trans. with a commentary, Learning to Be a Sage: Selections from the Conversation of Master Chu, Arranged Topically (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990); March 24 Embodying the Universe Wing-tsit Chan, trans. and comp., A Source Book, pp.654-691; Wing-tsit Chan,trans, Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writing by Wang Yangming (N.Y. Columbia University Press, 1963). April 7 Learning to Be a Sage Michael C. Kalton, trans., To Become a Sage: the Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning by Yi T’oeye (N. Y.: Columbia Univesity Press, 1988); Philip J. Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation (Indianapolis: Hackett Publication, 2000). IV. Modern Transformation April 14 The Liberal Democratic Critique Wm. T. de Bary, The Trouble with Confucianism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Pzress, 1991); Chenyang Li, The Sage and the Second Sex (Chicago: Open Court, 2000). April 28 Confucian Humanism and East Asian Modernity Tu Weiming (ed.), Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Exploring Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Mini-Dragons (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1996). 来源:http://www.confuchina.com/ (责任编辑:admin) |