|
【何以中国】 在21世纪全球化潮流之中，什么才是中国？ 哪些是我们几乎遗忘的民族记忆？ 哪些是在世界文化潮流中，当代中国的精神特质？ 我们将基于什么来创造中华文明在世界中的当代贡献？ “何以中国”系列短视频节目立足中国历史，寻找中国传统文化元素在当下的复兴，探寻通往中国文化深层精神内核的路径。 【第九期·千年皮影】  皮影戏又称“影子戏”或“灯影戏”，是我国民间广泛流传的戏曲艺术。据史书记载，皮影戏始于西汉，兴于唐朝，盛于明清，元代时期曾传至西亚和欧洲，可谓历史悠久，源远流长。 Piyingxi, or Chinese shadow puppetry, is also called yingzixi(a play of shadow) or dengyingxi (a play of light and shadow) in Mandarin. It is a popular opera art among Chinese people. According to historical records, shadow puppetry has a profound legacy as it was born in Western Han Dynasty (202-8 AD), became popular in Tang Dynasty(618-907) and prevalent in Ming (1368-1644)and Qing (1644-1912) dynasties, reaching West Asia and Europe in Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). 皮影戏是光芒的投射。在灯光的照射下，皮影通体剔透轻盈，镂空之处更显明亮，且具有浅浮雕之感。皮影的原料主要是牛皮、驴皮等，经处理后呈半透明状。配合艺人的巧手镂刻，刀法多样，线条丰富，凸显了皮影作为民间艺术品的材美工巧。 Shadow puppetry is all about the projection of light. In lamp light, the shadow puppet looks crystalline and graceful, with the cut-out parts brighter than the rest, like a shallow relief sculpture. The most common shadow puppet is made from the skins of ox or donkey that have been specially treated for translucency. The amazing hands of artists create such a rich variety of carving patterns and lines, making the puppetry a folk art work that combine exquisite materials and wonderful techniques. 皮影戏是影像的交织。皮影由表演者手持操纵杆操控，握、转、滚、夹之间，各种动作如行云流水般完成。物象都以侧面的剪影形式呈现在幕布上，方寸之间呈现丰富的故事，正是“双手对舞百万兵”。 Shadow puppetry is also about intertwining images. The performers would hold joysticks in their hands that they would grab, grind, roll, and press to create flowing motions. The audience would see the profile of characters playing out the ups and downs of a story on a tiny curtain, which is precisely what the ancient called “a million soldiers in two hands.” 皮影戏是声音的流淌。有人将皮影戏看作有声电影的源头。演出皮影戏时，艺人们要一边用当地流行的曲调讲故事，一边配合乐器伴奏，唱念做打要配合得天衣无缝。负责唱和念的是“前声”，行腔咬字都有讲究，且要具备弹、唱等多方面技能。 Shadow puppetry is a spring of sounds. Some would say that it was the rudiment for talkies, as in a shadow puppetry show, performers tell their story in the locally popular tone with music instruments playing in the background. The singing, the talking, the movements and the stage fighting have to work seamlessly for the show to be perfect. The performer who sings and talks is called a Qiansheng (the primary vocal), who must polish his or her tones and pronunciation to the uttermost, and be proficient in playing instrument and singing a song. 皮影戏是色彩的融合。皮影的敷彩是制作过程中不可缺少的一步，上色时多用纯色，并遵照传统的五色观念。实际上较多运用的只有红、绿和黑色，黄色是皮料本身的颜色，白色则主要靠镂空的透光效果来体现，体现出民间艺术因材施艺的特点。 Shadow puppetry is a fusion of colors. The coloring is an essential step in making a shadow figure. The favorite colors are the pure ones, and the “five traditional colors” are a motto to follow. The most used ones in practice are red, green and black, as yellow is the original color of the skins, and the light leaked through the cut-outs is naturally white. This is how the folk artists apply the right techniques based on different materials. “三尺生绡做戏台，全凭十指逞诙谐，有时明月灯窗下，一笑还从掌中来”。声色光影的和谐共生，让皮影在千百年中丰富了中国人的娱乐生活。它蕴含着丰富的戏曲文学、民俗历史、宗教以及艺术内涵，并在新时代语境下，与电影、设计等形式结合起来，焕发生机。 “A meter of raw silk as the stage, ten fingers are all it takes to engage; by the window in the moonlight, a show of two palms is such delight.” The harmonious co-existence of sounds, colors, light and shadow makes shadow puppetry a colorful addition to Chinese people’s leisure time. An artistic container of opera, literature, folklore, history, religion and art, it is revitalized in the modern-day ambience with movies and design. (责任编辑：admin) |