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唐君毅《生命存在与心灵境界》读书组第六讲内容： 唐君毅《生命存在与心灵境界》读书组第六讲内容： 1.简介这次聚会的读书方法 2.本体论证 3.目的论证 4.耶儒对话 ＜唐君毅《生命存在与心灵境界》读书组参考书目＞ 李天纲 (2002)。〈关于儒家的宗教性：从「中国礼仪之争」两个文本看儒耶对 话的可能性〉，香港中文大学崇基学院宗教与中国社会研究中心，中文大学出版 社。 唐君毅 (1977) 。《生命存在与心灵境界》，学生书局。 陈成斌 (2001) 。〈自然选择不是随机选择〉《人文月刊》第八十五期，二零零 一年一月号，香港人文哲学会，页廿六。 陈成斌 (2000) 。〈休谟、设计论证与似真度 〉，《人文月刊》第八十三期， 二零零零年十一月号，香港人文哲学会，页八至十。 郑顺佳 (2002) 。《唐君毅与巴特：一个伦理学的比较》，郭伟联译，三联，香 港。 赖品超、李景雄编 (2001) 。《儒耶对话新里程》，香港中文大学崇基学院宗教 与中国社会研究中心，文星图书有限公司。 Leiter, B. (ed., 2002). ""Analytic" and "Continental" Philosophy" In the website The Gourmet Report. Available at: http://www.philosophicalgourmet.com/analytic.htm Plantinga, A. (1974) The Nature of Necessity. Oxford University Press. Plantinga, A. (1998) "God, Arguments for the Existence of". In Craig, E. (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. London. pp. 85-93. Sober, E. (Forthcoming) "The Design Argument". In Mann, W. (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Religion. Also available at http://philosophy.wisc.edu/sober/DAF.PDF Sober, E. (No Date) "An Introduction to Bayesian Epistemology". Available at http://philosophy.wisc.edu/sober/bayes.pdf Yandell K. (1999). Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. ＜Ontological Argument (From Yandell, 1999, pp. 174-177)＞ Definition 1: X is a logically necessary being = X exists is necessarily true (X does not exist is self-contradictory) Definition 2: X is a causally necessary being = X exists is true and logically contingent, and X is caused to exist is self-contradictory. Definition 3: Proposition P entails proposition Q if and only if P, but not Q is a contradiction. Definition 4: Proposition P is a maximal proposition if and only if, for any proposition Q, either P entails Q or P entails not-Q. Definition 5: Each maximal proposition defines an entire possible world. Definition 6: A being has maximal excellence if and only if it is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent in some possible world. Definition 7: A being has maximal greatness if and only if it has maximal excellence in every possible world. Definition 8: A proposition is true in all possible worlds if and only if it is necessary true. Argument: 1.God has maximal greatness (has maximal excellence in every possible world) is true unless it is self-contradictory. 2.God has maximal greatness is not self-contradictory. So: 3.God has maximal greatness is true. 4.If God has maximal greatness is true then God exits. So: 5.God exists. The argument form is: 1.P unless necessarily not-P 2.Not necessarily not-P. So: 3.P 4.If P then G. So: 5.G. ＜Teleological Argument＞ 似真度的原理(Principle of Likelihood): O 倾向于H1 这解 释﹐当且仅当(if and only if) 在 H1 这条件下的O 的概率 (probability) 比起 在H2这条件下 的O 的概率为高。 i.e. Pr(O/H1) > Pr(O/H2) (O= Observation, 观察；H =hypothesis, 假设。Pr(X) 表示X 的概率) Pr(A/W1) > Pr(A/W2) (A 是指钟表的存在﹐W1是指「钟表是设计者的产物」这假设﹐而W2则是 「钟 表是随机程序( randomly process) 的产物」) Pr(B/L1) > Pr(B/L2) (B 是指生物(以至世界)的存在﹐L1是指「生物是设计者的产物」这假设﹐ 而 L2则是「生物是随机程序的产物」 ) (责任编辑：admin) |